The use of drugs for type 2 diabetes still cannot fully compensate for the effects of malnutrition on blood sugar levels.Proper nutrition is an essential part of effective type 2 diabetes management and helping you reach your blood sugar goals.
Dietary approaches for people with type 2 diabetes, obese or not, arterial hypertension, etc. will vary somewhat.
The vast majority of obese people with type 2 diabetes. Being overweight prevents your own insulin from working effectively, which is why blood sugar levels remain high.Therefore, weight loss is an indispensable condition for rational treatment!Even moderate weight loss (around 5-10%) improves carbohydrate metabolism, especially in the early stages of the disease.
How do you achieve weight loss?
It should be noted right away that there are no specific products or medicinal plants for weight loss. There are currently no drugs that can provide highly effective and completely safe weight loss without dieting alone.
The only reliable way is to limit the energy intake in the body.(it is given in calories), d. H. follow the ruleslow calorie food. The resulting energy deficit leads to the fact that the energy reserves "conserved" in the fatty tissue are used up for various needs of the body and the weight definitely decreases.
Energy carriers in food are their three components:proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The most caloric of them are fats, they contain 9 kcal per 1 gram; in proteins and carbohydrates - 4 kcal per 1 gram.
The most effective way to reduce the calorie content of a diet is to reduce the fat content. This is not only safe, but also makes sense for a modern person, as our diets are unfortunately oversaturated with fats. Compared to fats, the calorie content of proteins and carbohydrates can be classified as moderate, but in order to achieve a good effect in losing weight, they still need to be slightly limited.
There are a number of products that do not need to be restricted when it comes to losing weight. On the contrary, these products can compensate for the above restrictions and replenish the reduced amount of food. This group of foods is mainly represented by nutrient-poor but water-rich vegetablesplant fibersthat are not digested. Plant fibers bring many benefits to the body: they improve intestinal function, help absorb vitamins, have a positive effect on lipid metabolism, etc.
There are three groups of products that need to be consumed in different ways for weight loss.If you look at these groups, you will definitely have an association with a traffic light.
upper limit
High-calorie foods: high in fats, alcohol, sugar and confectionery
Examples:any oil, lard, sour cream, mayonnaise; Cream, fat cottage cheese and cheese; fatty fish, poultry skin, canned meat; fish and vegetables in oil; fatty meat, smoked meat, sausage; Sugar, soft drinks, honey, jam, jams, sweets, cakes, biscuits, chocolate, ice cream, nuts, seeds, alcoholic beverages.
Moderately restrict (eat half the usual portion)
Medium-calorie products: protein, starches, dairy products, fruits and berries.
Examples:Regular-fat or low-fat/skimmed milk and dairy products, cheese less than 30% fat, cottage cheese less than 4% fat, eggs, lean meats, fish, pasta, bread and lean baked goods, cereals; Fruits, potatoes, corn, ripe grains of peas and beans.
Use without restriction
Low-calorie foods: Vegetables (excluding potatoes, corn, ripe peas, and beans) and low-calorie beverages.
Examples:Radishes, radishes, beets, carrots, mushrooms, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, zucchini, eggplant, bean pods, young green peas, lettuce, greens, spinach, sorrel, cabbage; Tea, coffee without sugar and cream, mineral water.
Is it possible to eat a low-calorie diet without counting calories?
This is entirely possible if one follows the principles of product selection outlined above. In addition, experts have long recognized that what matters is not the number of calories a person needs to consume (it is quite difficult to give an exact number for every person), but the number by which a person actually reduces their dietHas!
An indicator of correct adherence to the principles of low-calorie nutrition is the achievement of the result: weight loss! If the weight does not decrease, this indicates that the calorie content of food has not yet been able to be significantly reduced.
How do different carbohydrates affect blood sugar levels?
Carbohydrates are the only nutrients that directly raise blood sugar levels, but that's no reason to limit them drastically.
Carbohydrates in the diet of every person, including a person with diabetes, should be sufficient (at least 50% of total calories) as they are a source of energy for the body. In addition, different carbohydrates have different effects on blood sugar levels.
There iseasyCarbohydrates (they are called sugars), which are very easy to digest because they are made up of small molecules and are quickly absorbed in the digestive tract (after 10 minutes). They immediately and very strongly increase the blood sugar level. Sugar and honey are made from these carbohydrates, many of which are found in fruit juices (they are also found in natural fruits, but due to the presence of fiber, the absorption of carbohydrates is not so fast), beer. Such carbohydrates can also be found in liquid dairy products, but carbohydrates are not absorbed as quickly due to the fat content.
A different kind of carbohydratecomplex(Starches) They also increase blood sugar levels, just not as quickly and not as much as simple carbohydrates. Representatives of such products: bread, cereals, pasta, potatoes, corn. The starch molecule is large and the body has to work hard to absorb it. Therefore, the glucose formed as a result of the breakdown of starch is absorbed more slowly (after about 30 minutes), which means that its blood level rises less sharply.
Culinary processing of starchy foods (any grinding, prolonged thermal exposure) contributes to the increase in blood sugar levels. This means that a sharp rise in blood sugar when consuming starches can be prevented through certain processing and cooking methods. For example, it is more correct not to cook potatoes in the form of mashed potatoes, but to cook them whole with the peel so that they remain dense. It is also better not to overcook porridge. It is preferable to cook them from large uncrushed grains (buckwheat, rice).
Enriching the diet with plant fibers prevents an increase in blood sugar levels. Therefore, it is better to buy grain or bran bread, and not from fine flour. Fruits and berries should be consumed in their natural form, not in the form of juices.
There are such types of carbohydrate products -"free", after which the glucose level in the blood does not rise or rises slightly. These products include almost all vegetables in normal quantities (except for potatoes). For example, cabbage, lettuce, parsley, dill, radish, beets, zucchini, eggplant, squash, peppers, etc. Among the products of this group, the largest amount of carbohydrates is found in beets and carrots, but the increase in blood sugar after them is not very large. Therefore, in moderation (as a side dish, no more than 200 g), they can also be neglected.
Do I need to count carbs?
A person with type 2 diabetes who takes oral antidiabetic drugs or is just dieting doesn't need to accurately calculate the amount of carbohydrates in the diet. Many people with diabetes have heard of the so-called bread units. Such a calculation system exists for those receiving insulin. It allows you to correlate the amount of carbohydrates ingested with the doses of short-acting insulin that these people with diabetes inject before meals.
Special "diabetic" products
Sweeteners can make foods taste sweeter without raising blood sugar levels or gaining weight. But in this case we are only talking about zero-calorie sugar substitutes. These include aspartame, saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, stevioside. They do not affect blood sugar levels and weight at all. However, instead of sugar, most "diabetic" foods (cookies, chocolate, waffles) contain sorbitol, xylitol, or fructose, which are almost as high in calories as sugar. Therefore, in the case of obesity, like normal sweets, they must be restricted as much as possible.
Fractional Nutrition
Fractional mode means multiple meals throughout the day (5-6 times, but still no more than 2. 5-3 hours) in small portions. This is useful because hunger can occur on a low-calorie diet. Eating more often helps reduce it. In addition, a small portion of food contains few carbohydrates, which facilitates the work of the pancreas.
alcohol
Due to its high calorie content (7 kcal per 1 g), alcohol can contribute to weight gain. In addition, it directly worsens the indicators of lipid metabolism and blood pressure. So limit your alcohol consumption as much as possible.
Alcohol is known to have negative effects on the liver. It can cause hypoglycemia when a person with diabetes takes blood sugar-lowering drugs and insulin. Never drink alcohol on an empty stomach!